Sophocles Oedipus The King - 992 Words

Throughout tragedies in Greek literature, the hero always has one tragic flaw. In Sophocles’ Oedipus the King, Oedipus’ main flaw is his overactive hubris, which in turn clouds his overall judgment. This is evident in the Chorus’ first ode to the city of Thebes as they try to ask the Gods for the banishment of the plague. Their answer does not come from a deity, but from Oedipus himself as he enters the palace and says, â€Å"You have prayed; and you prayers shall be answered with help and release if you will obey me, and are willing to put in hand the remedy you distress requires† (Sophocles lines 213-16). By Oedipus saying this, he elevates himself to the importance of a God. The people of Thebes need to pray to him to free the plague that is ravaging the city. This is only a small taste of his arrogance early in the play. Later, the blind seer, Teiresias, comes into the palace to tell who murdered Laius. Oedipus endlessly questions him, which Teiresias only response that he does not want to utter the truth that he knows. Angered by Teiresias’ unwillingness to speak he begins to make ironic jabs at the seer’s blindness and at one point calling him outright saying that he is a â€Å"Shameless and brainless, sightless, senseless sot† (Sophocles line 374). Oedipus continues to say that because Teiresias is â€Å"Living in perpetual night you [Teiresias] cannot harm me, nor any man else that’s sees the light† (Sophocles lines 377-378). It is ironic because Teiresias knows the truth behindShow MoreRelatedOedipus The King By Sophocles848 Words   |  4 PagesOedipus the King, written by Sophocles, follows the tragic story of a king named Oedipus who goes from an all-powerful ruler to a hopeless blind peasant. Oedipus the King was written as a play and performed in front of an audience. Sophocles shows in Oedipus the King that one cannot escape the fate of the gods. Throughout the play Oedipus struggles to find a solution and change all the troubles in his life. The play observes the story of Oedipus who defies the gods and through the journey experiencesRead MoreSophocles Oedipus The King884 Words   |  4 PagesKing of Thebes, owner of a family tree that identically resembles Medusa on a bad hair day, and the inspiration for a psychologically-riveting complex, Oedipus, tragic hero of Sophocles’ Oedipus the King, exposes troubling truths about the human condition and, acting as an exemplary precaution for the entirety of humanity, demonstrates how a self-destructive struggle between love, anger, and fate, conveyed through an unorthodox love affair between mother and son (Who gets custody in a divorce?),Read MoreSophocles Oedipus The King1714 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"ideal tragedy† is the play â€Å"Oedipus the King† written by Sophocles. In this play, Sophocles utilizes the concept of tragedy as well the theory of the importance of scenes of recognition and reversal to create a setting, tone, and mood throughout the play. Oedipus, the mythical king of Thebes, goes through a horrendous tragedy which includes moments of recognition and reversal. These moments are key to the fame and appreciation for the play, â€Å"Oedipus the King†. Sophocles’ use of Aristotle’s conceptsRead MoreOedipus The King By Sophocles950 Words   |  4 PagesThe people throughout Oedipus’ life trues very hard to allow him to escape his fate of killing his father and then marrying his mother. In the epic poem Oedipus the King, Sophocles tells the story of the tragic downfall of Oedipus. Although many people see the role of free will that brought upon Oedipus’ doom, no matter what choices were made throughout his life, his ultimate fate would always return. The choices made at the beginning of Oedipus’ life set him up to fulfill his prophecy. His parentsRead MoreOedipus the King by Sophocles1393 Words   |  6 Pages Sophocles’ play, Oedipus the King, has risen many questions concerning the main character and whether or not he acts on free will or if his future is predestined by the gods. I am going to test the theory that although Oedipus believes he is acting on his own free will, he is in fact a victim of the gods. I will analyze several different sources that discuss fate and human agency in Oedipus the King and then proceed to build my original argument on the archaic debate. There has been a great dealRead MoreOedipus The King By Sophocles904 Words   |  4 Pages In Sophocles play â€Å"Oedipus the King† a deadly plague has descended upon the kingdom of Thebes, and because of this plague a dark and iniquitous secret begins to unravel itself only to reveal a web of events connecting Oedipus and others as the culprits behind all the havoc ensued. No one is the sole source responsible for the unfortunate events that befall Thebes, as well as the royal family; In fact, those who unknowingly paved the path of destruction were themselves trying to prevent it fromRead MoreSophocles Oedipus The King Essay1960 Words   |  8 Pages This would have been excellent advice for the main character in Sophocles drama, Oedipus the King. However, the drama was written as a result of Sophocles life and the influence of the humanistic culture in which he lived. Throughout Sophocles life, he gained military knowledge as the son of a wealthy armor manufacturer and received an excellent Greek education with emphasis on Homeric poetry (textbook). Furthe rmore, Sophocles was very involved in politics and served as a treasurer, a generalRead MoreSophocles Oedipus The King871 Words   |  4 PagesThe plays written by Sophocles, â€Å"Oedipus the King â€Å"and â€Å"Antigone† are bodies of work displayed the meaning of what Aristotle defined as a tragedy. â€Å"Oedipus the King† is a story of a king trying to avoid the fate of his life that has been prophesized before his birth. In â€Å"Antigone† is story of a girl who devoted to her family, and regardless of the orders made the king Creon. In these stories the archetypes and hamartia of Antigone and Oedipus play a major role in the story. In â€Å"Antigone† the characterRead MoreOedipus The King, By Sophocles1407 Words   |  6 PagesWhen we think about a tragic play or protagonist, most people would think Shakespeare for his common theme of his plays to end with a tragedy. In Oedipus the King, written by Sophocles, tells the tale of the protagonist Oedipus. Throughout the play, Oedipus searched for his past to discover the reason why his kingdom is plagued with wilting crops and illnesses. In the end, he becomes a tragic protagonist after discovering his past was related to the previous king’s death. While the search progressedRead MoreSophocles Oedipus The King2037 Words   |  9 PagesSophocles’s Oedipus the King features a chorus that sings several odes over the course of the play. In Sophocles’s play, the chorus is composed of old Theban men and represents the population of Thebes as a whole. The chorus recites a parodos, four stasima, and a brief exodus. Through the choral odes, So phocles reflects on the events and motifs of the play, including piety and faith in the Gods, the inevitability and the uncertainty of fate, and the dichotomy of right and wrong. After Sophocles establishes

Assessment for Shipping Business International Trade

Assessment 3 Buyer: The Theatre of Wine, in Greenwich, London, United Kingdom Shipowners/Shippers: Carry Carefully, South Africa The copy of B/L is attached. A. 1. for the carriage of a consignment of wine from South Africa (which has incorporated the Hague-Visby Rules, under its own Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1986) to London (the UK). 2. The wine was shipped and the master issued a clean straight bill for the goods, which contained a no liability for loss or damage caused by negligent preparation of the vessel clause. 3. The straight bill had to be presented for collection of the goods. 4. When the wine was discharged, The Theatre of Wine discovered that it had become contaminated by the ingress of rain and†¦show more content†¦Marine insurance covers, among other things, the transportation of cargo on land, sea or air. Claims for loss and damage to cargo under a marine insurance policy, when paid, give rise to subrogation, by which the insurer gets an opportunity to try to collect back from the party(ies) responsible for the loss or damage. Through subrogation, the insurer gets to stand in the shoes of the insured, who is most often the owner of the cargo. When the cargo owner (usually the insured) entrusts the goods to someone for storage or transportation, a bailment is created. If the goods move from or to the United States, internationally by ocean, that bailment relationship is controlled by the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (COGSA), a statute of the United States. International shipments, not touching a U.S. port, may be controlled by other treaties, such as Hague-Visby or Hamburg Rules. BILL OF LADING: This is a key document for cargo claims. A bill of lading generally serves three purposes: (1) document of title; (2) a contract of carriage and (3) a receipt for goods. Ocean bills can be negotiable instruments and control possession of the goods. According to South Africa shipping amp; maritime legislation there is no marine insurance act . Where appropriate the British Marine Insurance Act is used as a persuasive reference. However the Institute Cargo Clauses issued under the auspices of the Institute of London UnderwritersShow MoreRelatedAssessment for Shipping Business International Trade4893 Words   |  20 PagesAssessment 3 Buyer: The Theatre of Wine, in Greenwich, London, United Kingdom Shipowners/Shippers: Carry Carefully, South Africa The copy of B/L is attached. A. 1. for the carriage of a consignment of wine from South Africa (which has incorporated the Hague-Visby Rules, under its own Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1986) to London (the UK). 2. The wine was shipped and the master issued a clean straight bill for the goods, which contained a no liability for loss or damage caused by negligentRead MoreEssay On Containerized Shipping1724 Words   |  7 PagesFinal Paper Maritime Terrorist Attacks via Containerized Shipping Christopher Welch Author Note This paper was prepared for Operations Management 5993, taught by Dr. Livingston Executive Summary There is a growing concern over the vulnerabilities of port security and the possible exploitation of these vulnerabilities by a terrorist organization; specifically, the use of containerized shipping. The vastness of the process of maritime operations alone creates a large opportunity for vulnerability,Read MoreA New, Improved Way to Package Goods for Transport with Liner Shipping804 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction Liner Shipping developed new ways of packaging goods for transport; their growth has influenced the global trade. Even during economic crisis there has been tendency to move more and more goods through this means. Their growth influenced the efficiency of the whole supply chain. The progress of this trade has been faster than other sectors (Brooks 2000). Global environment of trading is constantly changing and Geographic concentrations of interlinked business and factories called clustersRead MoreAn Analysis Of The International Logistics Systems1481 Words   |  6 Pagesmechanisms for their supply chains (Coyle et al. 2015). In addition, the various firms or companies have to contend with the fact that the increased distances of transportation come with its fair share of risks. The firms need to carry out risk assessment to deal with the unexpected processes. From another point of view, the firms need to make several compromises as they enter into various agreements that will ensure that the transportation processes are well integrated into logistics activitiesRead MoreExport And Import Strategy For The Shipping Lines1045 Words   |  5 PagesEXPORT AND IMPORT STRATEGY FOR THE SHIPPING LINES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY DECLARATION I DECLARE THAT I HAVE COMPLETED THIS PROJECT ON EXPORT AND IMPORT STRATEGY FOR THE SHIPPING LINES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY SUBMITTED IS TRUE AND ORIGINAL TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT â€Å"FOR ANY SUCCESSFUL WORK, IT OWES THANKS TO MANY† The limited vocabulary will not fail me to express my loyal and vulnerableRead MoreThe Iraqi Dry Canal Profile1747 Words   |  7 Pagesvision called The Dry Canal project to transport goods between the North and South of the world quickly, safely and inexpensively. Road and rail schemes should be planned to run this project in Iraq could change the ordinary shape on the regional trade. In short: Shipments (Cargo) coming across the Gulf will be loaded in trains and trucks from the Iraqi Grand port of Al-Faw Southern of the country, and then will travel across the country to Turkey and then to Europe. This would give shippers companiesRead MoreQuestions On Value Chains And Business Activities Essay1850 Words   |  8 PagesCHAPTER 1 TOPIC Value Chains Value Chains is considered to be a combination of nine business activities that work together within any business to provide value for customers. Within the nine activities the three core ones are inbound and outbound logistics, these are activities that are combined in distribution. Production which is the manufacturing from raw materials. Sales and marketing which is the interface between producers and customers, such as customer service and advertising. These threeRead MoreBrazil : A Snapshot Of Brazil1168 Words   |  5 Pageshas assumed a more prominent voice on global trade. After the global financial crisis in 2008, Brazil appeared to recover more quickly than many other countries mainly due to its industrial and agricultural exports. Topics being discussed: †¢ Brazil’s vast quality and quantity of resources for international exports †¢ Possible products/innovations Brazil is best known for †¢ Advantages that provides this country with the competitive edge in global trade †¢ Competitive advantages offered by this countryRead MoreA Brief Note On International Logistics Inc.2186 Words   |  9 Pages International Logistics Inc. Assessment Ashley Ellenberger MGT 370 International Supply Chain Management Dr. Irina Weisblat June 26, 2016 Introduction Working for International Logistics Inc. and being such an integral part of the growth of this company has been a real honor. Looking towards the future of International Logistics Inc. it is important to focus the company’s attention towards new international ventures in order to keep up with globalization. Working as the internationalRead MoreOpenness And Foreign Direct Investment1446 Words   |  6 Pagesresident in another economy.† In 2014, the flows of FDI into Qatar reached more than USD 1,040 million See Fig. 1 (â€Å"Qatar Foreign Investment,† 2016). Qatar is exceptionally open to FDI, as its objective is to become a world-class leader in terms of its business environment for foreign direct investment. Over the past several years, this has become a reality by way of improvements made to the country’s infrastructure and the creation of favorable foreign investment laws. Particularly, the main sectors that Assessment for Shipping Business International Trade Assessment 3 Buyer: The Theatre of Wine, in Greenwich, London, United Kingdom Shipowners/Shippers: Carry Carefully, South Africa The copy of B/L is attached. A. 1. for the carriage of a consignment of wine from South Africa (which has incorporated the Hague-Visby Rules, under its own Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1986) to London (the UK). 2. The wine was shipped and the master issued a clean straight bill for the goods, which contained a no liability for loss or damage caused by negligent preparation of the vessel clause. 3. The straight bill had to be presented for collection of the goods. 4. When the wine was discharged, The Theatre of Wine discovered that it had become contaminated by the ingress of rain and seawater due†¦show more content†¦Seaworthiness not to be implied. There shall not be implied in any contract for the carriage of goods by sea to which the Rules apply by virtue of this Act, any absolute undertaking by the carrier of the goods to provide a seaworthy ship. Jurisdiction of courts. (1) Notwithstanding any purported ouster of jurisdiction, exclusive jurisdiction clause or agreement to refer any dispute to arbitration, and notwithstanding the provisions of the Arbitration Act, 1965 (Act No. 42 of 1965), and of section 7 (1) (b) of theShow MoreRelatedAssessment for Shipping Business International Trade4877 Words   |  20 PagesAssessment 3 Buyer: The Theatre of Wine, in Greenwich, London, United Kingdom Shipowners/Shippers: Carry Carefully, South Africa The copy of B/L is attached. A. 1. for the carriage of a consignment of wine from South Africa (which has incorporated the Hague-Visby Rules, under its own Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1986) to London (the UK). 2. The wine was shipped and the master issued a clean straight bill for the goods, which contained a no liability for loss or damage causedRead MoreEssay On Containerized Shipping1724 Words   |  7 PagesFinal Paper Maritime Terrorist Attacks via Containerized Shipping Christopher Welch Author Note This paper was prepared for Operations Management 5993, taught by Dr. Livingston Executive Summary There is a growing concern over the vulnerabilities of port security and the possible exploitation of these vulnerabilities by a terrorist organization; specifically, the use of containerized shipping. The vastness of the process of maritime operations alone creates a large opportunity for vulnerability,Read MoreA New, Improved Way to Package Goods for Transport with Liner Shipping804 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction Liner Shipping developed new ways of packaging goods for transport; their growth has influenced the global trade. Even during economic crisis there has been tendency to move more and more goods through this means. Their growth influenced the efficiency of the whole supply chain. The progress of this trade has been faster than other sectors (Brooks 2000). Global environment of trading is constantly changing and Geographic concentrations of interlinked business and factories called clustersRead MoreAn Analysis Of The International Logistics Systems1481 Words   |  6 Pagesmechanisms for their supply chains (Coyle et al. 2015). In addition, the various firms or companies have to contend with the fact that the increased distances of transportation come with its fair share of risks. The firms need to carry out risk assessment to deal with the unexpected processes. From another point of view, the firms need to make several compromises as they enter into various agreements that will ensure that the transportation processes are well integrated into logistics activitiesRead MoreExport And Import Strategy For The Shipping Lines1045 Words   |  5 PagesEXPORT AND IMPORT STRATEGY FOR THE SHIPPING LINES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY DECLARATION I DECLARE THAT I HAVE COMPLETED THIS PROJECT ON EXPORT AND IMPORT STRATEGY FOR THE SHIPPING LINES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY SUBMITTED IS TRUE AND ORIGINAL TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT â€Å"FOR ANY SUCCESSFUL WORK, IT OWES THANKS TO MANY† The limited vocabulary will not fail me to express my loyal and vulnerableRead MoreThe Iraqi Dry Canal Profile1747 Words   |  7 Pagesvision called The Dry Canal project to transport goods between the North and South of the world quickly, safely and inexpensively. Road and rail schemes should be planned to run this project in Iraq could change the ordinary shape on the regional trade. In short: Shipments (Cargo) coming across the Gulf will be loaded in trains and trucks from the Iraqi Grand port of Al-Faw Southern of the country, and then will travel across the country to Turkey and then to Europe. This would give shippers companiesRead MoreQuestions On Value Chains And Business Activities Essay1850 Words   |  8 PagesCHAPTER 1 TOPIC Value Chains Value Chains is considered to be a combination of nine business activities that work together within any business to provide value for customers. Within the nine activities the three core ones are inbound and outbound logistics, these are activities that are combined in distribution. Production which is the manufacturing from raw materials. Sales and marketing which is the interface between producers and customers, such as customer service and advertising. These threeRead MoreBrazil : A Snapshot Of Brazil1168 Words   |  5 Pageshas assumed a more prominent voice on global trade. After the global financial crisis in 2008, Brazil appeared to recover more quickly than many other countries mainly due to its industrial and agricultural exports. Topics being discussed: †¢ Brazil’s vast quality and quantity of resources for international exports †¢ Possible products/innovations Brazil is best known for †¢ Advantages that provides this country with the competitive edge in global trade †¢ Competitive advantages offered by this countryRead MoreA Brief Note On International Logistics Inc.2186 Words   |  9 Pages International Logistics Inc. Assessment Ashley Ellenberger MGT 370 International Supply Chain Management Dr. Irina Weisblat June 26, 2016 Introduction Working for International Logistics Inc. and being such an integral part of the growth of this company has been a real honor. Looking towards the future of International Logistics Inc. it is important to focus the company’s attention towards new international ventures in order to keep up with globalization. Working as the internationalRead MoreOpenness And Foreign Direct Investment1446 Words   |  6 Pagesresident in another economy.† In 2014, the flows of FDI into Qatar reached more than USD 1,040 million See Fig. 1 (â€Å"Qatar Foreign Investment,† 2016). Qatar is exceptionally open to FDI, as its objective is to become a world-class leader in terms of its business environment for foreign direct investment. Over the past several years, this has become a reality by way of improvements made to the country’s infrastructure and the creation of favorable foreign investment laws. Particularly, the main sectors that

Role of Happiness and Teaching Performances MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Role of Happiness and Teaching Performances. Answer: Introduction: As experts say, the happiness of teachers at school matter a lot as it creates a rippling impact leading to creation of a positive aura within communities. It is often seen that the teachers find themselves under tremendous pressure because of the attention they have to pay to the upcoming tests, thus lending most of their time fighting and trying to bridge the gap between discipline and the conflicts that arise. This leads to a constraint towards formation of a class which is happy and content. Thus it is very clear that the happiness of teachers and their personal and professional well being is a must for the development of the educational centres successfully. It is a well known fact that a students brain is connected to the learning he attains at a school. Therefore it is expected that the teachers take all the pains to identify the facts about the same. There are various variables that affect the happiness of teachers at schools such as the people, students, parents, process and the place. Thus with regards people, the relationship within the school with various others is an important factor which does have an impact on the happiness of teachers at schools. They being respected for their diverse cultures and ensuring working together irrespective of the nationality of a teacher is equally important in todays world of globalisation. Second is the process adopted by the school of a teacher is equally important a viable that determines happiness. Processes which justifies the work load of the teachers, encouraging them to adopt newer methods of teaching along with being accomplished and acknowledged for their work and lastly dealing with their stress and mental health issues all have a major implication of happiness at schools (Hamilton, 2015). Discipline also has a great being on the happiness of teachers as if the word discipline is construed in a negative sense then the teachers will never be happy implementing the same on the students. Democracy is what should be ultimately practiced in any school by any teacher as being democratic will always enable a teacher to be happy from within. Thus these variables do have an ever lasting impact on the happiness of teachers at schools which is evident from the results that the students show as a part of their curriculum results (Schiller, Hinton, 2015). If the teachers are happy, then they feel encouraged to take initiatives to improvise their performance at schools thus enabling to develop happier students. A happy teacher will always try to mentally connect with the students, increase positive interactions and thus be preferred by all. The consequences of being happy at schools is that the students look forward to attend their school and if the teachers have a happy attitude, then they all the more show more interest in that particular subject. The results are shown in the form of higher grades the students get along with the positive attitude they develop towards their lives. However the same is not possible only by getting a happy environment at homes, but the environment of the school and that which the teacher creates in the classroom also has a great impact on being happy at schools. This was from the view point of a student i.e. the result of being happy at schools. From a teachers point, if a teacher is happy at school then she would not miss her classes and always take an initiative to teach something new and also ensure to convert her teaching styles and techniques into interesting ones which would help the students to grasp the topic with ease (Lightfoot, 2016). Further to this a teacher , if is found to be happy with his job at a particular school then he or she will always be more professional and committed towards his or her job and not switch schools easily. For a teacher, even though pay is important but at the same time the environment of the school is equally important for making him ir her happy or content, thus the consequence is that the school also feels less pressure from teachers for increasing pay (Yadav, 2012). Teachers can be made happy at schools by developing a background that would give confidence to the teachers at a school to always keep smiling and have a positive attitude towards their profession at all times. A study was published in the issue of the month of October of American Educational Research Journal which showed four ways how a teacher can be kept happy by schools. They are an administration which concentrates upon development of a teachers profession, providing them with a safe work environment, expecting higher grades from students and a feeling of partnership and teamwork within teachers (Eckhardt, 2016). Thus it can be rightly said that if a teacher is provided with a positive environment wherein their career and professional development happens in a positive manner, the said stance is said to be one of the major ways to keep a teacher happy by schools. Along with the same, the quality of such a development being distributed amongst the teachers also matters a lot. Further if the students perform well, this also makes the teachers happy at schools as they are get praises from other teachers, students as well as parents. This encourages them to behave like this and improvise their teaching skills day in and day out (Gurney, 2015). Also if the school provides an environment wherein there is a positive cohesion between the students and teachers then such a combination promotes safety and security and higher expectations from both the parties. Lastly this attitude enables opposing of the concentration on single teacher (Westin, 2012). Thus on a concluding note, it can be rightly said that happiness of teachers at school has a three fold impact, one on the teachers career and personal development, second on the students future and thirdly on the school also as happy teachers give birth to good well behaved students which in turn leads to better reputation of school. Happiness of teachers cannot be ignored as they are integral part of a student as well as a schools success. If they are not happy, then they will never be able to produce expected results and the kind of students people expect. Thus their happiness should not be ignored and given utmost priority. References: Eckhardt,S., (2016), Four Things Schools Can Do to Keep Teachers Happy, Available at https://www.takepart.com/article/2016/11/06/how-improve-teacher-turnover-rates (Accessed 02nd May 2017) Gurney,J., (2015), Happiness in schools starts with the head teacher, Available at https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/12011709/Happiness-in-schools-starts-with-the-head-teacher.html (Accessed 02nd May 2017) Hamilton,L.S., (2015), Teacher Matter : Understanding Teachers Impact on Student Achievement, Available at https://www.rand.org/education/projects/measuring-teacher-effectiveness/teachers-matter.html (Accessed 02nd May 2017) Lightfoot,L., (2016), Tips on reducing teacher stress from the happiest school on earth, Available at https://www.theguardian.com/education/2016/mar/22/teaching-crisis-school-what-keep-them (Accessed 02nd May 2017) Schiller,L., Hinton, C., (2015), Its true : happier students get higher grades, Available at https://theconversation.com/its-true-happier-students-get-higher-grades-41488 (Accessed 02nd May 2017) Westin,D., (2012), 10 ways to keep your teachers happy, Available at https://www.informededucation.com/10-ways-to-keep-your-teachers-happy/ (Accessed 02nd May 2017) Yadav,B., (2012), Role of Happiness and Teaching Performances (Effectiveness) Among School Teachers, Indian Journal of Applies Research, vol.2, no. 3, pp. 164-166

Kinship free essay sample

This paper investigates the phenomenon of borrowing of the kinship terms from one language to another. The languages under inquiry are Punjabi and Urdu in an area where both the languages are spoken as the major languages. It is natural for languages to adopt words from other languages due to their contact with each other. The paper explores the contact situation of Urdu and Punjabi with particular focus on the phenomenon of the borrowing of the kinship terms. In order to investigate the matter quantitatively ten subjects were selected, whose first language (L1) was Punjabi. A questionnaire was made containing kinship terms of Urdu language and the subject knowledge of the Punjabi kinship terms was checked. In a community where the speakers are bilinguals with Punjabi and Urdu languages, the study shows that Urdu kinship terms are preferred over Punjabi kinship terms to such an extent that the speakers use Urdu kinship terms even when they speak their mother tongue, namely, Punjabi. We will write a custom essay sample on Kinship or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Introduction: Kinship is one of the universals in human society and therefore plays an important role in both the regulation of behavior and the formation of social groups. Kinship systems depend on the social recognition and cultural implementation of relationships derived from descent and marriage and normally involve a set of kinship terms and an associated set of behavioral patterns and attitudes which, together, make up a systematic whole. All societies distinguish various categories of relation-ship by descent or consanguinity, and most societies distinguish relationships by marriage or affinity as well. Although dictionary definitions differentiate these relationships, it is convenient to extend the term â€Å"kinship† to cover both kinds. The resulting network of social relations may constitute almost the whole social structure in some of the simpler societies or be a relatively small part of a highly complex structure, as in modern industrial societies. In either case, however, the system of kin-ship and marriage plays an important role in maintaining group cohesion and solidarity and in orienting the individual members to the social maze. The use of the term â€Å"system† implies that there is a complex relation of interdependence between the component parts: the social categories and the associated rights and duties. Lexical borrowing can be defined as the adoption of individual words from another language. It happens when two languages are in contact and one language borrows lexical items from the other language. Borrowing is the process which requires language contact. It means there should be at least a certain degree of bilingualism for some people with the donor language and the recipient language. In this study the donor language is Urdu and the recipient language is Punjabi and the lexical items which are analyzed are the kinship terms. Objectives: The paper aims to: ?Compare the Urdu and Punjabi kinship terms. ?Explore the borrowing of the kinship terms when the speakers of a community use Urdu and Punjabi languages. ? language Investigate the influence of Urdu on Punjabi in urban areas with particular focus on the kinship terms. Punjabi Language: The Punjabi language is a member of the Indo-Aryan subdivision of the Indo-European family. It is spoken by more than 100 million people in Punjab (in Pakistan and north western India). Over 44% of Pakistanis learn it as their first language and about 70% of Pakistanis can understand it. Kinship Terminology in Punjabi and Urdu: The kinship terminology in both the Punjabi and Urdu languages is very extensive and specific. The system makes crucial reference to three parameters: age, consanguinity (relation by blood or marriage) and laterality (relation on the mother’s side or father’s side). As a result, instead of general terms as „uncle? or „aunt? , highly specific terms are used. English-speaking people do not distinguish linguistically between uncle „father’s brother? , „mother’s brother? , „father’s sister’s husband? , „mother’s sister’s husband? , but Punjabi and Urdu languages do distinguish between all of these different relationships. The assumption is that this differential linguistic labeling reflects differences in the structures of different societies and in the roles and behavior which are expected of individuals having particular relationships with one another (Trudgill 1992). Table 1: Urdu and Punjabi kinship terms Urdu TermPunjabi Term AbbuAbbu/Abba AmmiAmmi/Amma BetaPutar BetiDhee Bara BhaiLala/Veer/bhra Chota BhaiKaka/Nikka BehanBhain DadaDada/Baba DadiDadi/Wade amma NanaNana NaniNani ShoharKhasam/Karwala/Banda BiviKarwali/Budhi DulhaLara/Nadha/Ghabru DulhanWohti/Lari TayaBaba/Taya/wade Abbu TayeeBabi/Tayee/wade Amma ChachaChachu ChachiChachi PhuphaPhupher PhuphiPhupho KhaluKhalu/Maasser KhalaaMaasee/khala MamuMama/Mamu MamaniMami BhabhiBharjayee BhatijaPatriya/Bhatriya BhatijiPatri/Bhatri BhanjaBharyya/Bhanja/Panewa BhanjiBharyye/Bhanji/panewee BehnoyeeaBhanuja/Bharwiyya SalaSala SaleharSalehar SaliSali SandhuSandha/Sandhu NandNinnan JaithJaith JaithaniaJaithani DewarDeor DewaraniDarani DamadJawayee BahuNoo Pota Potra PotiPotri DotaDotra DotiDotria SuserSora SaasSas Population: Ten respondents were selected randomly whose first language (L1) was Punjabi and who were residing in the urban and rural areas of Sargodha. Sargodha is a multi-cultural city where Punjabi and Urdu are the major languages. Procedure: A questionnaire was made consisting of 50 vocabulary items i. e. Urdu kinship terms. The respondents were asked to write down the equivalent Punjabi terms as well as the terms that they use when they speak Punjabi. Results and Analysis of the Data: The respondents proficiency as well as their usage of Punjabi kinship terms was checked by the questionnaire and the results were found as follows: Total number of respondents: 10 First Language (L1) of the respondents: Punjabi Table 2: Results of the Questionnaire Urdu Kinship TermNumber %age of the respondents who knew equivalent Punjabi termNumber %age of the respondents who reported that they use Punjabi term when they speak Punjabi Abbu10(100%)3(30%) Ammi9(90%)5(50%) Beta10(100%)8(80%) Beti10(100%)7(70%) Bhai9(90%)7(70%) Behan7(70%)3(30%) Shohar8(80%)4(40%) Bivi9(90%)3(30%) Dulha 7(70%)2(20%) Dulhan8(80%)4(40%) Phupha9(90%)2(20%) Khalu8(80%)1(10%) Khala10(100%) 2(20%) Mamu10(100%)1(10%) Mamani10(100%) 4(40%) Bhabhi9(90%)3(30%) Behnoyee8(80%)2(20%) Nand9(90%)4(40%) Dewar7(70%)1(10%) Dewarani8(80%)2(20%) Bahu10(100%)5(50%) Pota9(90%)3(30%) Dota10(100%)3(30%) Susser10(100%)2(20%) Damad7(70%)4(40%) Average values9(90%)3(30%) The data show that nine out of total ten respondents which become 90% of the total population under investigation know the Punjabi kinship terms. 10% of the population does not know the Punjabi kinship terms at all. As for the usage of Punjabi kinship terms, only 30% of the population (only three out of ten) uses Punjabi kinship terms while speaking Punjabi. They prefer Urdu kinship terms even when they speak Punjabi. Discussion: The literature reviewed and the data collected show that the Punjabi language is clearly borrowing kinship terms from the Urdu language where the two languages are spoken in the same area. People with Urdu and Punjabi bilingualism prefer Urdu kinship terms even when they speak Punjabi. Their first language (L1) is Punjabi, the data show that 10% of the population does not know the Punjabi kinship terms at all. This population knows only Urdu kinship terminology. Out of the 90% population who knows the Punjabi kinship terms, only 30% uses Punjabi kinship terms while speaking Punjabi. Most of the respondents reported that they prefer Urdu kinship terms even when they speak Punjabi. The summary of kinship terms (Table 1) shows that most of the kinship terms of Urdu and Punjabi are similar; yet there are some differences. The Punjabi language is a member of the Indo-Aryan subdivision of the Indo-European language family. Over 44% of Pakistanis learn it as their first language. Urdu was formed around the 1600? s in Central Asia. It has borrowed numerous linguistic items from Perso-Arabic and Indo-Aryan languages. So in the course of its development Urdu might have borrowed kinship terms from Punjabi with some changes due to its different phonological system. Now it is surprising that Punjabi is borrowing the kinship terms back from Urdu exactly in the same way as they are used in Urdu because Urdu is enjoying more prestige than Punjabi. Conclusion: The study shows that the Urdu kinship terms are preferred over Punjabi kinship terms to such an extent that the speakers use Urdu kinship terms even when they speak in their mother tongue i. e. Punjabi. Some of the Punjabi speakers have even lost their L1 kinship terms. The paper highlights the phenomenon of borrowing of kinship terms in urban areas from comparatively high prestige language i. e. Urdu to low prestige language i. e. Punjabi. It shows that the Punjabi speakers living in urban areas could not fully retain their L1 kinship terms and adopted the Urdu kinship terms. The study also highlights the phenomenon of lexical borrowing as one of the potential factors involved in the change of lexicon of a language in language contact situations.

Case of barclay memorial hospital Essays

Case of barclay memorial hospital Essays Case of barclay memorial hospital Paper Case of barclay memorial hospital Paper By browsing on the brief history of the Barclay Memorial Hospital, one will notice one thing that would immediately be blamed for its bankruptcy- bad leadership. BMH was beforehand performing excellent on the aspects of financial, managerial and services including the morale of the employees. As has been mentioned, BMH has been in the business for fifty years and it is to be stressed that those years has been spent for excellent services rendered to its clients (p. 95). Being a district hospital, it should have pretty good edge on other private hospitals especially on matters of legal affairs. It does have the edge in lower service fees over private hospitals because it operates as government owned business and therefore is supported by tax revenues from the district. It is also an advantage for BMH to be a district hospital because it could have a better service appeal or service loyalty on the part of the district residents having the sense of ownership the district hospital. BMH has an established edge in the market because of the fact that it is the most desirable choice of maternity hospital (p. 96). Its attentive nurses and newly renovated private rooms are enough to make their services more appealing. The annual number of patients that has availed of its services is an evidence of its financial health. With 325,000 patients every year, we can estimate that it has about 900 patients everyday which means that its 300 bed-capacity is fully utilized assuming that part of the 900 patients are out-patients or has stayed just about two days at BMH. With $120 million gross annual revenues, one will understand that it is generating $10 million monthly or around $350,000 everyday. With 600 full time employees, BMH must have been financially stable to pay for their salaries and benefits. Although it was not clearly stated what percentage of this gross revenues were spent in operating expenses, we can say that the hospital is financially healthy. The first major bad decision that BMH management did was to merge with Valley Physician Group (VPG) and the Physician Hospital Organization (PHO). What was obviously wrong here is that they know that VPG and PHO’s first requirement is to have BMH be privatized. This means that BMH would have to lose its benefits when it was just operating as a district hospital. Another thing is that there would obviously be changes in its management strategies and at least the board of directors, the key management personnel and of course the implementation of its bylaws. With privatization and merging with VPG, BMH can no longer decide on its own because it has already allowed other people to intervene in its business affairs. The result then was its bankruptcy. There was no clear explanation as why BMH management decided to join VPG and PHO when its operations are said to be at a healthy stage. In my opinion there was no sound basis for deciding to do so because there seems to be no need of joining VPG or PHO as a marketing strategy or as part of survival catch up. Because there are already more people involved in the running the hospital, there were already more people who have their own vested interests intertwined in the affairs of BMH and that what was bad here is the reality of conflicting interests over BMH operations. BMH had elected an abusive CEO who was so irresponsible of letting his patients wait long enough that high-paid staff were made idle. With the CEO’s conduct, it had spent utilities and operating expenses including the excessive use of supplies so irresponsibly that it took just sometime to let BMH lose almost all of its capacity to generate income. Obviously, BMH was not able to control the poor management style of its key management personnel and that the board of directors just let that thing happen until BMH crashed down. It was of BMH’s luck to have Schilling who was able to have the courage and the will to save what was left of BMH. Schilling at first was a good choice because of his ability to eliminate the hospital’s deficit, he was able to bring back the benefits of the employees and even increased their salaries, reduced the percentage of expenses versus their revenues and most importantly, he was able to bring back BMH into a district hospital. Schilling however had a problem with delegation of authority. It may not seem to be an indication of irresponsibility for letting Porter, the COO to make the most of management affairs. However he must have placed too much confidence on the COO who does not seem to be a good leadership pick. It is not clear whether Schilling was aware of the authoritarian style of Porter’s leadership or that Schilling just ignore the situation. Whatever is the case, Schilling cannot be excused for leaving almost everything in the hands of Porter. Another major bad decision made by the CEO was that of keeping the strategic plan confidential from the rest of the board members. First, I would say that this decision was highly unethical based on the fact that business ethics require that management affairs should be kept transparent to the members of the board as the major decision makers of the business. Secondly, it is improper to keep the board member wondering what was going on with the plans. In fact, planning should involve the members of the board since they are the major stakeholders of the business. Lastly it was improper that Schilling made the strategic plan a surprise for all. The bad side of this step is that it the said plan has not been reviewed by the members of the board and in that case, whatever the loophole contained therein has not been corrected nor was being noticed. This was what happened to Schilling’s strategic plan which later turned out to be faulty for having his financial projection resulted to $24 million loss (p. 101). The most immediate result was that Schilling lost support from the members of the board including the management. In an organization, I believe that the most important part of leadership is of establishing a formidable relationship with its members- from the top management to the least of the personnel at the bottom of the organizational chart. It is vital for a leader to have the support of at least the majority of its members in order that he will be able to implement his plans well enough because of the support and loyalty he gets from the members. It is vital that communication lines are kept open, in two-way, in order that vital information flow freely in that line for decision-making purposes. Losing support from employees and other organizational members, especially the decision makers, would make a leader inefficient. I believe that it does not take a brilliant CEO to run a profitable company; rather I believe that a responsible, sensitive and lowly CEO can run a company with a healthy working environment. Schilling is good but was weak enough to tolerate the existence of Porter and Mavory in his way. The consultant should start working here. Carson as the newly hired consultant, although is expected to work independently, should first work on having the support of the members of the board and the major decision-makers at BMH. More than Porter, Carson must be able to eliminate the kind of Mavory who was not actually a troubled physician but a troubling one inside BMH. The old strategic plan developed by Schilling should be replaced since there was already evidence that it was faulty especially on the financial projection. Carson should be able to develop a new strategic plan with the participation of the members of the board. This will be the first step Carson can do to get the support from the members of the board. She has an actual experience with this kind of situation and I would assume that she exactly know how to have things done. However, I would suggest that Carson be able to work on the conflicts on interests among the members of the board especially that of Mavory. Carson should be able to get the support Mavory has from the other board members as starting point. Getting their support away from Mavory would be sound enough to make the implementation of the plan run smoothly. Carson should also work on making black and white statements on what specific files and information should be kept confidential and from whom. Everything should be clear enough for everybody in order to ensure that there would be no excuse when violators are reprimanded. It is not required that Carson becomes tough and authoritarian. She just needs to clear everybody’s stand and the extent of their authorities. It is also not necessary for Carson to prevent the employees from unionizing. I would argue that unions are important part of a company. Unions can become a leader’s support team especially when these unions could feel that they are being paid enough concern and attention by the management. They would not in any do anything to bring the company down because it would be at their lost. Unions only take steps against the management when they see that their security in the company is threatened. Carson should then focus on working with the management in preparation for the Joint Commission for the accreditation. The politics inside BMH cannot be completely eliminated but Carson can control the situation. The members of the board are assumed well-educated and with that they know what ethical considerations they should prioritize. Meanwhile, Carson should be able to get solid support. Carson should ask for the speedy preparation of the Joint Commission accreditation requirements by eliminating the direct control of Mavory over the process. This can be done by redirecting the attention of Mavory from the accreditation process and the revision of bylaws into her participation in the deliberation of strategic plan Carson is working at. Taking Mavory out of the Joint Commission accreditation will ease up the process and then it would go smoothly without somebody bothering the employees concerned. As with the board members, Carson should start separating their responsibilities. These leaders should be given separate set of concerns that would also keep them from direct intervention with the affairs of each division. For example, one board member should be assigned for managing the service-rendition affairs of the business and each should be given target accomplishments at certain time intervals. The other members can be assigned to direct management of the building facilities and the purchases of equipment and the maintenance of existing ones. The other can be assigned to the legal affairs of BMH. Each should then be reporting to the consultant or referring their plans at time intervals. With this, each member is kept from direct intervention to all the affairs of BMH although as board members, everything should be held transparent to them. This is the very reason why Carson should have regular board meetings for reporting purposes. I believe that it is also beneficial for Carson to hire independent auditors who would be responsible for checking inconsistencies on each division. This would eliminate the fear of each division that the evaluation result will be biased or one is being favored over the other. Transparency should be maintained at all times without the necessity of each member to be personally asking confidential files. As had been mentioned a while ago, when good and efficient leaders are already established, it would necessarily follow that employees’ moral would be uplifted; their loyalty will be brought back as usual to their leaders. Employees who are working with a healthy environment would be productive and thus would render better services than before. It is the excellent services rendered by BMH that enabled it to become profitable and so the quality of services should be kept high in order to gain a good market share.

Lewis Jeans Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Lewis Jeans - Case Study Example This calls for developing innovative designs and utilising information technology in your company to study the market. Rupert has asked me to address his findings which show several problem areas within your organisation that need to be evaluated. The first area covers the style of the product itself, and Rupert is concerned that the jeans produced by the company do not appeal to younger customers. This report will offer possible solutions to this problem by suggesting ways to establish positive brand recognition. A study of the market for jeans indicates the need to offer a unique style or marketing method that will bring younger buyers to Lewis Jeans. The next area of concern is the quality of the product. Because retailers are returning 15% of sales, it is important to test the quality of the jeans manufactured to see where the weaknesses are. By improving durability, the brand will eventually be known for its wearability in addition to style. One of the most serious problems to be addressed is the high turnover of the workforce. It would appear they might not have the incentive to commit themsel ves to the company. Because you communicate only with the managers at your different factories, you may be unaware of how your workers see the company. More interaction is needed with staff from your office to each factory to encourage employees to propose innovative ideas on how to improve sales. Finally, the cost of manufacturing your line of jeans is 25 per cent more than other clothing lines in the industry, and it is important to study the various stages of manufacture to see where savings can occur without impacting quality. The report will present suggestions on how to evaluate the company and show different methods of improving all aspects of your business by applying the SWOT Analysis and developing a balanced scorecard. As the CEO, you have the opportunity in such a small company to meet personally with all of your staff and make sure your managers are reflecting your beliefs on how the company should be run. Organization Structure and Culture In studying the structure of the company according to its diagram, it is immediately obvious that there are too many managerial positions at too many levels, and sales and marketing have no real connection to the rest of the company in any of its locations, including the main office. Restructuring after setting up a strategic plan for the future is recommended. The first step would be to apply a SWOT analysis, determining strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT). Strengths: Although a small company faces competition from major companies such as Levi, the benefit of a small company is the opportunity for leadership to interact with all areas of the business. Another strength is that the product has been successful in the past and by establishing a different marketing method and improving quality, the company can be successful again. Weaknesses: One of the most serious weaknesses for Lewis Jeans is the dependency of leadership on the telephone in a technological society. Another weakness is the high turnover of staff and lack of connection with the leadership. Opportunities: By restructuring the company and establishing new communication equipment, the company would

Software-generated information to make decision in an oganisation Essay

Software-generated information to make decision in an oganisation - Essay Example Activity Immediate Predecessor Time (Days) Earliest Start time Earliest Finish time Latest Start Time Latest Finish Time Slack 01 None 1 0 1 0 1 0 02 01 11 01 12 1 12 0 03 01 14 12 26 38 52 26 04 03 5 26 31 52 57 26 05 02 23 12 35 29 52 17 06 05 5 35 40 52 57 17 07 02 20 12 32 37 57 25 08 02 30 12 42 12 42 0 09 08 15 42 57 42 57 0 10 08 2 42 44 50 52 8 11 02 33 12 45 14 47 2 12 11 10 45 55 47 57 2 13 10 4 44 48 52 56 8 14 13,10 1 48 49 56 57 8 15 06,07,09,14 1 57 58 57 58 0 Answer A The normal time for completing the project is expected to be 58 days. For the project to be completed on 30th November 2013 having commenced on 1st October 2013, it calls for crashing the time because the period of completion is shorter than the predicted time in the activity plan. Activities to be crashed must have the minimum cost implication for the process and usually they are those in the critical path. It is worth to note that, the Microsoft project considers work only done for five days of the week thus the time span for the project adds up to forty-five days. The Gantt chart that would be realized from the above information is as indicated in the MS Project. (See attached file) Answer B The network diagram of the project information in the above tables as follows Answer C The critical path refers to a sequence of activities in a project that form the longest chain in terms of their completion time. The set of these activities in a project network are determined by calculating the slack. Where by the slack is obtained by subtracting the earliest start time and activity duration from latest finish time. The critical path is realized in those activities whose slack is equal to zero. From the above table, the activities with a zero slack are 01, 02, 08, 09, and 15. Thus, the critical path can be concluded to be 01 – 02 – 08 – 09-15. Answer D The project duration is determined by adding up the time durations of all the activities in the critical path of the p roject network. In the above project network, the critical path was determined above and realized to be 01 – 02 – 08 – 09 - 15. To determine the least time duration would be (1 + 11 + 30 + 15 + 1) = 58 days. Answer to Task 2 Year Cash inflows Discounting factor (10%) Discounted cash inflow Cash inflows (C) Discounting factor (15%) Discounted cash inflow (Ci) 1 2500 0.9091 2272.73 2500 0.8696 2173.91 2 2750 0.8264 2272.73 2750 0.7561 2079.40 3 3025 0.7513 2272.73 3025 0.6575 1988.99 4 3327.5 0.6830 2272.73 3327.5 0.5718 1902.51 5 3660.25 0.6209 2272.73 3660.25 0.4972 1819.79 Total 11363.63 9964.60 Net Present Value (NPV) is a measure used for evaluating the value of a business by determining the present value of such investment by adding up all the discounted cash inflows received within the given period of the investment. The formula for discounting by the NVP method Where C0= Cash outflow also known as Initial Investment Ci = Cash flows for the given years r = Discount rate T = Time Where r = the discount rate, and T = time NVP the rate is at 10% NVP = 198.43 NVP when the rate is at 15% NVP = 46.19533 This method is used to determine the profitability and suitability of a project before commencing a plan to undertake the investment. A project with a positive NPV is said to be favorable, whereas one with a negative NPV is regarded as unfavorable and thus investor would be discouraged to undertake that project. Report Summery Project management